Recognising ADHD Symptoms In Your Children: Expert Guidance On Understanding And Support

Wondering if your child may have ADHD? Despite its prevalence, many misconceptions surround this neurodevelopmental condition. We spoke with Dr Alan Cheng, a psychiatrist at Central Health, who shares his expert insights on helping parents navigate the complex topic.

With broad experience treating children and adults across a spectrum of mental health challenges — including ADHD, autism, psychosis, mood disorders, psychogeriatric conditions, gender dysphoria, substance misuse, and eating disorders — Dr Cheng of Central Health addresses everything from early warning signs to the impact ADHD can have on schooling and family dynamics, as well as practical advice on supporting affected children.

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What are the most common signs of ADHD in young children?

ADHD is primarily characterised by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Typical signs include frequent daydreaming, distractibility and difficulty finishing tasks. Hyperactivity may manifest as constant restlessness, impatience and challenges with delaying gratification.

How does ADHD typically impact a child’s behaviour at home and in school?

At home, ADHD disrupts routines and can lead to lost items, unfinished chores, interrupted meals and incomplete homework. In school, it affects learning and social interactions, resulting in daydreaming, restlessness and even conflicts with peers.

Can you explain the differences between inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive and combined types of ADHD?

ADHD presents in three forms: inattentive (marked by distractibility and disorganisation), hyperactive-impulsive (characterised by excessive energy and emotional volatility), and combined type (symptoms of both). Boys are more frequently diagnosed with hyperactive types, while girls often present with inattentive symptoms, which can lead to underdiagnosis due to their subtle, internalised nature.

At what age should parents consider evaluating their child for ADHD?

Symptoms typically emerge between ages 4 and 5, becoming more evident between 6 and 12. Early evaluation is critical for timely intervention and often begins with observations by educators.

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What are common misconceptions about ADHD in children?

One common myth is that ADHD is simply a product of poor parenting, whereas it is rooted in genetic and neurochemical factors. Another fallacy is that children outgrow ADHD; while hyperactivity may decline, inattentive symptoms often persist into adulthood.

How can parents effectively support a child with ADHD in daily routines and learning?

Implementing structured routines and checklists can provide stability. Separating work and play areas and breaking tasks into manageable steps significantly enhance focus and learning.

What role does diet, sleep and physical activity play in managing symptoms?

A balanced diet supports overall health, while good sleep hygiene is vital as sleep disturbances can exacerbate symptoms. Regular physical activity promotes the release of dopamine and norepinephrine, which help manage ADHD effectively.

How do psychological therapies and medications complement each other?

Medication, such as methylphenidate, remains the cornerstone of treatment, substantially improving symptoms. Psychological therapies, including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), build executive functioning skills and encourage positive behavioural changes.

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How can schools and teachers best support diagnosed children?

Successful support hinges on close collaboration between parents and educators. Practical strategies include seating the child near the teacher, breaking down tasks into smaller steps, and providing consistent emotional support through regular check-ins.

Are there any promising new approaches or research developments in treatment?

Innovative medications are in development, targeting personalised treatment approaches. Emerging research into the gut-brain connection also promises more holistic management strategies.

What advice would you give to parents who feel overwhelmed or uncertain about an ADHD diagnosis?

It’s natural to feel overwhelmed. Educating yourself empowers effective advocacy. Building a strong support network, celebrating small victories and prioritising self-care are essential to navigating the journey.

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